Gabapentin: A promising therapy for uremic pruritus in hemodialysis patients: A randomized-controlled trial and review of literature

Abstract

Background: Treatment of uremic pruritus (UP) is a big challenge. Objectives: To evaluate efficacy, appropriate dosing regimen and safety of gabapentin on UP in hemodialysis (HD) patients. Patients and methods: Fifty-four uremic patients undergoing HD and complaining of UP were randomly classified into two equal groups. Gabapentin group: 27 patients received gabapentin capsules starting with 100 mg and gradually titrated up to a maximum of 300 mg after each HD session for one month. Placebo group: 27 patients received placebo thrice weekly after each HD session. Severity of pruritus was measured by visual analog scale (VAS) and 5-D pruritus scale. Results: In gabapentin group, 88.9% of patients responded well to gabapentin versus 22.2% in placebo group. A highly statistical difference was detected in favor of gabapentin group (p< 0.001). The frequency of the use of the lowest dose (100 mg thrice weekly) was significantly higher than other doses (p < 0.0001). Adverse effects were mild and tolerated. Conclusion: Gabapentin is a promising and a well-tolerated treatment option for patients with UP. We recommend it as a first line therapy with a maintenance post-HD dose of 100–300 mg. We also recommend the 5-D scale in the assessment of the severity of pruritus.