GABAergic and non-GABAergic projections of accessory optic nuclei, including the visual tegmental relay zone, to the nucleus of the optic tract and dorsal terminal accessory optic nucleus in rat.

Abstract

This study examines the non-gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA)ergic (group I neurons) and GABAergic neurons (group II neurons) of the accessory optic system projecting to the nucleus of the optic tract (NOT)/dorsal terminal nucleus (DTN) of the accessory optic system in rat. These nuclei include the dorsal (MTNd) and ventral (MTNv) divisions of the medial terminal nucleus, the lateral terminal nucleus, the interstitial nucleus of the superior fasciculus, the posterior fibers, and the visual tegmental relay zone. GABAergic neurons of these nuclei that do not target the NOT/DTN (group III neurons) have also been observed. The fluorescent retrograde tracer fluoro-gold was injected into the pretectum, targeting the NOT/DTN and the tissue prepared immunocytochemically to reveal neurons containing the neurotransmitter GABA. Three groups of neurons (groups I, II, and III neurons) were examined in terms of their distribution, density, and percentage present. Group I neurons are single-labeled with fluoro-gold and represent non-GABAergic neurons projecting to the NOT/DTN. These neurons are of the highest density in the lateral terminal nucleus (204 neurons/mm2). Their densities are also substantial in the MTNv (120 neurons/mm2), interstitial nucleus of the superior fasciculus, posterior fibers (96 neurons/mm2), and visual tegmental relay zone (93 neurons/mm2). Group II neurons are double-labeled with fluoro-gold and GABA. They form a system of GABAergic neurons projecting to the NOT/DTN, which are exceedingly dense in the MTNd (78 neurons/mm2) but are also dense in both the visual tegmental relay zone (49 neurons/mm2) and MTNv (33 neurons/mm2). Group III neurons are GABAergic neurons that do not target the NOT/DTN but must project to other brain nuclei and/or be interneurons. These are of extremely high concentration in the visual tegmental relay zone (316 neurons/mm2) and are also of substantial densities in the MTNd (77 neurons/mm2), lateral terminal nucleus (72 neurons/mm2), and MTNv (44 neurons/mm2). The MTNd has the highest percentage of GABAergic neurons projecting to the NOT/DTN (72%). GABAergic neurons also form significant percentages of the projections to the NOT/DTN from the visual tegmental relay zone (34%) and MTNv (21%). The percentage of the total GABAergic neurons that project to the NOT/DTN is the highest in the MTNd (50%) and MTNv (42%). The described GABAergic afferents to the NOT/DTN may function to process information concerned with the compensation for retinal slip.