GABA in the Nervous System of the CestodesDiphyllobothrium dendriticum(Diphyllobothriidea) andCaryophyllaeus laticeps(Caryophyllidea), with Comparative Analysis of Muscle Innervation

Abstract

The nervous system (NS) of the cestodes Diphyllobothrium dendriticum (Diphyllobothriidea) and Caryophyllaeus laticeps (Caryophyllidea) was investigated using immunocytochemistry. The GABA neurotransmitter was identified in the NS of both species; GABAergic neurons were detected in the main nerve cords (MC). GABA-like immunoreactive neurons were predominantly unipolar and exhibited more intensive immunoreactivity in the neurite than in the perikaryon. In C. laticeps , GABA-like immunoreactive somas are located in both the MCs and peripheral NS near the longitudinal muscles. The innervation of the body musculature was studied using a combination of antibodies against GABA, serotonin (5-HT), and FMRFamide and with complementary staining of F-actin. In both species, the location of GABAergic neurites is associated with all muscle layers including the subtegumental, longitudinal, transverse, and dorsoventral muscles. The cytomorphology of 5-HTergic motoneurons in the MCs of both species is described and differences in muscle innervation between D. dendriticum and C. laticeps are demonstrated. No evidence for co-localization of GABA with 5-HT or FMRFamide neurotransmitters at any particular neuron was found. Neuropiles in MCs and peripheral NS had separate sets of immunoreactive neurites. A functional role for GABA in muscle innervation is discussed.