Abstract
Inhibitory synaptic transmission is now appreciated to play a role that is on a par with excitatory transmission in the functioning of the nervous system. The widespread employment of inhibition in the brain is accompanied by the widespread use of the inhibitory neurotransmitter γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA). Inhibitory GABA synapses participate in virtually every neuronal circuit and function of the nervous system across the animal kingdom. And yet, all GABA synapses are not the same. It is the little differences that make all the difference: a diversity of action of GABA is produced by the existence of heterogeneous molecules for both the biosynthesis of GABA and for the functional response to GABA. The widespread use of inhibitory GABA synapses with a diversity of action opens the door for the potential development of specific drugs that selectively intervene in specific GABA functions.
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