GABA accelerates excitotoxic cell death in cortical cultures: protection by blockers of GABA-gated chloride channels

Abstract

The effects of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and related agonists and antagonists on the excitatory cell death were examined in disperesed primary cultures of the rat cerebral cortex. The cytotoxic effects evoked by kainic acid, quisqualic acid andN-methyl- D-aspartic acid were evaluated by phase contrast microscopy and quantified by the measurement of lactic dehydrogenase release into the culture medium. GABA accelerated the cell death in a concentration-dependent fashion, but did not influence the amount of cells dying within 24 h after the treatment. This effect of GABA could be mimicked by GABA A rather than GABA B receptor agonists. Blockers acting at different sites of the GABA A receptor/chloride channel complex not only reduced the GABA-induced acceleration of cell death, but also showed a significant protection against the excitotoxic cell death in the absence of exogenous GABA. Blockers of chloride channels unrelated to GABA receptors produced similar protection. Our findings indicate that GABA-gated chloride channels may be effective in modulating excitotoxic vulnerability of cerebrocortical cells.