Abstract
Background Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCV) are highly effective in preventing invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) but deaths due to IPD still occur. We aimed to describe children who died of IPD since PCV introduction in England and Wales. Methods Public Health England conducts enhanced IPD surveillance in England and Wales. IPD cases in PCV-eligible children aged Results During the 8 year period, there were 3146 IPD cases and 150 IPD-related deaths (case fatality rate, 4.8%). Overall, 132 isolates from fatal cases were serotyped (88%) and 35 distinct serotypes were identified, with no serotype predominance. Most deaths occurred in Conclusions Most fatal IPD cases are currently not vaccine-preventable. Additional strategies will be required to reduce childhood pneumococcal deaths in countries with established pneumococcal vaccination programmes.
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