Abstract
Conventional American cultivars of coffee are no longer adapted to global warming. Finding highly productive and stable cultivars in different environments without neglecting quality characteristics has become a priority for breeders. In this study, new Arabica F1 hybrids clones were compared to conventional American varieties in seven contrasting environments, for yield, rust incidence and volume of the canopy. The quality was assessed through size, weight of 100 beans, biochemical analysis (24 aroma precursors and 31 volatiles compounds) and sensory analysis. Conventional varieties were the least productive, producing 50% less than the best hybrid. The AMMI model analysis pointed out five hybrids as the most stable and productive. Two F1 hybrids clones, H1-Centroamericano and H16-Mundo Maya, were superior to the most planted American cultivar in Latin and Central America showing a high yield performance and stability performance. H1-Centroamerica and Starmaya contain more d-limonene than Caturra, while Starmaya contain more 3-methylbutanoic acid than the control. Those two latter volatiles compounds are linked with good cup quality in previous studies. In terms of sensory analysis, Starmaya and H1-Centroamericano scored better than control.
Highlights
Finding cultivars that can adapt to different environments and present stable and high quality production has become a priority for breeders, especially given the current climate change predictions (Damatta et al 2018)
We observed lower yields for both pure line cultivars Caturra and Marsellesa compared to the hybrids
The lack of scientific studies that take into account p \ 0.05 by environment. b Aggregation of individuals based on aroma precursors productivity, vigour and quality is probably one of the reasons why the adoption of new Arabica cultivars is very slow among coffee farmers (Ahmadi et al 2013)
Summary
Finding cultivars that can adapt to different environments and present stable and high quality production has become a priority for breeders, especially given the current climate change predictions (Damatta et al 2018). It is necessary to evaluate how the genotype and environment interaction (G 9 E) affects agronomic performance and coffee quality. The usual definition of G 9 E implies that interactions exist if differences between genotypes are not consistent from one environment to another (Baker 1988). Replanting is very expensive (more than 5000 USD/ha). Replanting cultivars that are unknown/new to farmers bear additional risks related to the uncertainties brought by global warming. The studies of G 9 E are increasingly more important to estimate the effects of environment on productivity and quality of new genotypes
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