Abstract

Human telomeres function as a protective structure capping the ends of chromosomes. They are shortened by repeated cell divisions and by oxidative DNA damage. When telomeres reach a critically low threshold, chromosomes become unstable and susceptible to rearrangements that can trigger cellular senescense or apoptosis. TRF1 and other telomere proteins regulate telomere stability and telomere length. Poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase 1 (PARP1) is well characterized for its role in base excision repair, where it is activated by and binds to DNA breaks and catalyzes the poly(ADP-ribosylation) of several substrates involved in DNA damage repair.

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