G–C3N4–Ag composite mediated photocatalytic degradation of phenanthrene - A remedy for environmental pollution

Abstract

In recent years, g–C3N4–Ag nanocomposite synthesis has gained considerable attention for its potential to treat polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and to act against bacteria and fungi. In this study, we present a novel approach to the synthesis of g–C3N4–Ag nanocomposite and evaluate its efficiency in both PAH removal and antimicrobial activity. The synthesis process involved the preparation of g-C3N4 by thermal polycondensation of melamine. The factors that affect the adsorption process of PAHs, like time, pH, irradiation type, and adsorbent dosage, were also evaluated. Isotherm models like Langmuir and Freundlich determined the adsorption capability of g–C3N4–Ag. In simulated models, phenanthrene was degraded to a maximum of 85% at lower concentrations of catalyst. The adsorption profile of phenanthrene obeys the pseudo-second-order and Freundlich isotherms pattern. The g–C3N4–Ag nanocomposite also exhibited antimicrobial activity against bacteria (Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae) and fungi (Candida albicans). The present study is the first report stating the dual application of g–C3N4–Ag nanocomposite in reducing the concentration of PAH and killing bacterial and fungal pathogens. The higher adsorption capability proclaimed by g–C3N4–Ag nanocomposite shows the fabricated nanomaterial with great potential to remediate organic pollutants from the ecosystem.