Abstract
This paper focuses on the effect on emissions in smaller engines such as bikes, by using a blend of ethanol and gasoline at NO LOAD condition and its comparison with the engine running on gasoline only. The exhaust emissions of the 4 stroke Kawasaki boxer model engine were tested and evaluated by using blend of 5%, 7% and 10% ethanol and results are plotted. The results showed that the increase in HC emissions at full acceleration and decrease at partial acceleration is observed with increase in ethanol content in gasoline. CO emission decrease to less extent at full acceleration and decrease to a greater extent at partial acceleration with increase in ethanol content in gasoline. NOX decreases by fewer rates at full acceleration and by high rate at partial acceleration with increase in ethanol content in gasoline. This paper presents various types of pollutions emitted by vehicles, their effect on human health and various measures to curb the pollution by use of alternate fuels. Keywords: Carbon Dioxide-Co2 , Carbon Monoxide-Co, Ethanol, Emission, Hydrocarbon-Hc, Nitrogen Oxide-Nox, Oxygen-O2 , Spark Ignition Engine
Highlights
Fossil fuels are rapidly depleting because of the increasing use of fossil fuels for energy production
Nitrogen oxide emission decreases with increase in ethanol blend in gasoline at full acceleration conditions as can be seen from Figure 7
Hydrocarbon emission decreases with increase in ethanol blend in gasoline at partial acceleration conditions as can be seen from Figure 8
Summary
Fossil fuels are rapidly depleting because of the increasing use of fossil fuels for energy production. Emission from the fuels used in the automobile industry is another major concern in today’s time which has increased the need for utilization of regenerative resources[1]. The particulate matter PM 2.5 (fine particles less than 2.5 micrometers in diameter) and PM 10 (coarse particles with 2.5 to 10 micrometer in diameter) can enter your lungs, bloodstream and even heart and can lead to serious illness like asthma, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases (COPD), cardiovascular diseases[2,3]. Exhaust emission depends on fuel consumption, operating condition, oxygen content, A/F equivalence ratio and chemical structure. Nitrogen oxides are formed during combustion by reacting with air in the atmosphere forming ozone and causing photochemical smog. NOx are pollutants that can cause lung
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