Fuzzy logic approach for the assessment of trophic state of water bodies

Abstract

Eutrophication has emerged as one of the main threats to surface water bodies. The parameters for assessing eutrophication are not generally measured regularly from the lakes of India as part of monitoring programmes and it is necessary to express the trophic status in terms of secondary indicator variables that are included in the routine analysis by the State/Central government. In this paper, the trophic status of Ashtamudi Lake has been studied, considering its international importance and socio-economic relevance. The cause and response variables such as total phosphorus, Secchi disc depth, chlorophyll-a and the secondary indicator variables such as pH, turbidity, DO, EC, Salinity, TDS and BOD were analysed during the pre-monsoon season. The lake was predominantly classified as eutrophic, with some areas coming under a hypereutrophic state. A comparison was made among the five methods of water quality index by the use of secondary indicator variables to identify the appropriate method for simulating trophic status and the WQI based on the logarithmic method considering pH, turbidity, DO and BOD was identified to predict the trophic state very well. Further, the application of numerical strategy such as fuzzy logic was used to determine water quality indexes and trophic status, which can define the quality of a water body as a consequence of the variation of environmental parameters. The developed approach was further validated by using historical data for the years 2013–2015, which were regularly monitored by the Kerala State Pollution Control Board. The trophic state predicted by the approach was found to be in agreement with that estimated using Carlson's method. Thus the developed model, based on secondary indicator parameters that are readily available from government agencies, can be used to assess the trophic state of lakes, thereby assisting policy makers to frame regulations to minimize eutrophication.