Abstract
Presbyopia affects 1.8 billion people worldwide. This reduction in distance corrected near visual acuity impacts quality of life, which prompts patients to seek treatment. Presbyopia is an early manifestation of the "crystalline lens optical dysfunction through aging," or dysfunctional lens syndrome, and appropriate management of presbyopia is dependent on coexisting factors such as increased higher order aberrations, reduced contrast sensitivity, light scatter, and lenticular opacification. This review of published literature (PubMed and MEDLINE) is presented in narrative format and discusses medical and surgical treatments available to patients who experience presbyopia, while highlighting future therapies. Numerous strategies exist for the management of presbyopia. These strategies include pharmacological therapy, glasses and contact lenses, corneal, scleral, and lenticular procedures. This article discusses the role of several new and existing presbyopia treatments, as well as which patients are candidates for these novel therapies. Although no single treatment is ideal for all patients with presbyopia, new medical and surgical strategies increase the number of options available when addressing different stages of presbyopia and dysfunctional lens syndrome. [J Refract Surg. 2021;37(6 Suppl):S28-S34.].
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