Abstract
This article examines recent advancements in DNA microarray technology as well as applications for it. We go into great detail on the various DNA microarray or DNA chip technologies, their manufacturing procedures, and applications. This covers both low-density microarrays for various diagnostic uses and high-density microarrays for high-throughput screening applications. The described microarray fabrication methods include various inkjet and microjet deposition or spotting techniques, electronic DNA probe addressing mechanisms, and in situ or on-chip photolithographic oligonucleotide synthesis. The applications of DNA microarray hybridization that are discussed span the major domains of gene expression analysis and genotyping for point mutations, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), and short tandem repeats (STRs). In addition to the previously described molecular biology and genomic research objectives, this study involves applications of microarray devices and systems for pharmacogenomic research and pharmaceutical creation, infectious and genetic sickness and cancer diagnostics, forensic and genetic identification, and more. Additionally included is a synopsis of the advancement and application of microarray technology in the realms of contemporary cellular and proteomic research.
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