Abstract
Earth’s climate changes rapidly due to the increases in human demands and rapid economic growth. These changes will affect the entire biosphere, mostly in negative ways. Predicting future changes will put us in a better position to minimize their catastrophic effects and to understand how humans can cope with the new changes beforehand. In this research, previous global climate data set observations from 1961-1990 have been used to predict the future climate change scenario for 2010-2039. The data were processed with Idrisi Andes software and the final Köppen-Geiger map was created with ArcGIS software. Based on Köppen climate classification, it was found that areas of Equator, Arid Steppes, and Snow will decrease by 3.9 %, 2.96%, and 0.09%, respectively. While the areas of Warm Temperature and Dessert will increase by 4.5% and 0.75%, respectively. The results of this study provide useful information on future climate Köppen-Geiger maps and areas that will most likely be affected by climate change in the following decades
Highlights
Global climate classifications were developed to distinguish the climates into a number of types [1] based on climate’s individual elements, such as precipitation, temperature, wind, vegetation distribution, and atmospheric pressure [2, 3]
The global mean surface temperature has risen by about 0.5 °C over the last 100 years [8], and global average surface air temperature, which is affected by land cover, vegetation phenology, anthropogenic effects, and geology [9] is projected to increase climate change in different regions of the globe in a different way [10] This classification is based on two parameters: the annual cycles of precipitation and temperature [7]
Antarctica is not included within the data sets, and this region is excluded from the analyses presented here, but it is reported as a polar frost climate (EF) in the [9] study
Summary
Global climate classifications were developed to distinguish the climates into a number of types [1] based on climate’s individual elements, such as precipitation, temperature, wind, vegetation distribution, and atmospheric pressure [2, 3]. Previous studies updated the Köppen-Geiger world map climate classification [3,4,5,6] and applied it to confirm general circulation control model runs of present climate and greenhouse gas warming simulations.
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