Abstract
The marine ecosystem represents a vast and dynamic array of bio-resources attributed with its huge diversity and considered as potential untapped reservoirs for the development of functional foods for future health markets. Basically, marine microorganisms, sponges, algae, invertebrates such as crustaceans and mollusks along with marine fish species can be considered as marine bio-resources, which can be utilized to obtain different health benefits for humans, directly or after processing. Most of the bio-molecular components, such as lipids and proteins from these marine bio-resources, which can be extracted in large scale using the modern and advanced biotechnological approaches, are suitable drug candidates for the pharmaceutical industry as well as functional food ingredients for the food industry. Moreover, the furtherance of high throughput molecular biological techniques has already been incorporated with identification, mining and extraction of molecular components from marine bio-resources. In this review, potential marine bio-resources with respect to their extractable bio-molecules were described in details, while explaining the present and prospective methods of identification and extraction, which are integrated with advanced techniques in modern biotechnology. In addition, this provides an overview of future trends in marine biotechnology.
Highlights
The life of the earth has been originated from the ocean
The highest degree of technologies such as supercritical fluid extraction (SCFE), pressurized liquid extraction (PLE), pressurized hot water extraction (PHWE), accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) as well as ultrasound-assisted (UAE) and microwave-assisted (MAE) extraction have been used in recent marine bio-resource extractions and functional food formulations (Herrero et al, 2006a)
Marine bio-resources are characteristically comprised of a significant lipid composition which takes a greater attraction for many lipids, including monogalactosyl diacylglycerols (MGDG), digalactosyl diacylglycerols (DGDG), and phosphatidylglycerols (PG)
Summary
The life of the earth has been originated from the ocean. The oldest fossil evidences showed that rise of environment oxygen by oxygen producing eukaryotes and cyanobacteria was appeared over 2.45-2.32 billion years ago (Rasmssen et al, 2008). Seafood commodities including fish, shellfish and seaweeds are commonly used for delicacies in many parts of the world and highly demanded natural comestibles in the global food market This can be well understood by the tremendous diversity of the seafood and their nutritional characteristics including poly unsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) such as eicosapentaenoic acids (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acids (DHA) (Lichtenstein et al, 2006; Elvevoll et al, 2008) as well as proteins (Friedman, 1996; Kitts and Weiler, 2003; Samarakoon and Jeon 2012), bioactive peptides (Kawasaki et al, 2000; Kim and Wijesekara, 2010), free amino acids (Elvevoll et al, 2008; Petrosian and Haroutounian, 2009), enzymes (Fernandes, 2010), vitamins (Holick, 2009), minerals (Andersson et al, 2010; Zimmermann, 2010) and other functional ingredients (Kanazawa, 2001; Heo et al, 2005; Wu et al, 2009) which are proven to play significant beneficial roles in human health (Lavigne et al, 2001; Boukortt et al, 2004; Cohen et al, 2005; Elvevoll et al, 2008; Undeland et al, 2009). The mass determination and structure elucidations may further subjected using liquid chromatography-mass spectrophotometer (LCMS) or mass-mass spectrophotometer (MS-MS) along with the nuclear magnetic resonance spectrophotometer (NMR) (Chabeaud et al, 2009)
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Free) 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a call
