Abstract
With the advancements in tissue engineering, the repair and regeneration of oral/dental tissue are becoming possible and productive. Due to periodontal diseases, the tooth loses bone support resulting in tooth loss, but bone grafting stabilizes with new bone. It is seen that due to the progression of dental caries, pulp damage happens, and the vitality of the tooth is compromised. The current theme of dental pulp regeneration through biological and synthetic scaffolds, is becoming a potential therapy for pulp revitalization.
Highlights
Dental pulp can be considered as the heart of a tooth
The sensory fibers have a significant role as they act as an alarm system if there is an inflammation or any pulp damage is present
Regenerative endodontics has been pioneered by the experimental studies of Nygaard-Ostby and Hjortdal, involving induced bleeding from the periapical tissues into the chemo-mechanically debrided canal space of teeth, which was partly filled with root filling.[8]
Summary
Dental pulp can be considered as the heart of a tooth. Its composition is complex and consists of organic and inorganic material, including connective tissue, blood vessels, and a cluster of different types of cells.[1]. A new pathway has been opened due to advancement in regenerative medicine by transplanting stem cells along with the growth factors and a biological scaffold into the prepared pulp cavity These stem cells can proliferate and differentiate into various cells in the pulp to achieve functional pulp regeneration.[1,3,5] Basically, regenerative endodontics has been pioneered by the experimental studies of Nygaard-Ostby and Hjortdal, involving induced bleeding from the periapical tissues into the chemo-mechanically debrided canal space of teeth, which was partly filled with root filling.[8]. Regeneration is a process by which altered tissues are entirely replaced by tissues native to their original architecture and function.[9] It is based on the concept of tissue engineering technology that regenerates the dentine pulp complex in the canal space of immature permanent teeth, which could either be damaged by caries or trauma, and restores development of the arrested tooth root. It results in a challenge in producing a regenerative microenvironment for stem cell differentiation. ►Fig. 2 discusses the benefits of using decellularized dental pulp tissue matrix as a bioscaffold
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