Future of Chondroprotectors in the Treatment of Degenerative Processes of Connective Tissue.

Stanislav Sukhikh,Nikolai Patyukov,Olga Babich,Svetlana Ivanova,Alexander Prosekov

doi:10.3390/ph13090220

Stanislav Sukhikh, Nikolai Patyukov + Show 3 more

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https://doi.org/10.3390/ph13090220

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Abstract

Osteoarthritis is one of the most common diseases of the connective tissue of the elderly. It was found that most epidemiological studies used the Kellgren and Lawrence system for classification of osteoarthritis, which indicates one of the 5 degrees (0–4) of osteoarthritis in various joints according to the radiographic atlas. It has been proven that chondroprotectors are represented by the following active substances: chondroitin sulfate, glucosamine sulfate or hydrochloride, hyaluronic acid, glycosaminoglycans, extraction preparations from animal or plant raw materials. The sources of raw materials for the manufacture of combined chondroprotectors are known, methods for their preparation and use are described. The main drugs on the chondroprotective market are presented. The effectiveness of their use for the treatment of osteoarthritis has been proven. It was found that preparations containing chondroitin sulfate have anti-inflammatory activity, affecting mainly the cellular component of inflammation, stimulate the synthesis of hyaluronic acid and proteoglycans. Methods of treating osteoarthritis using cell therapy (the use of readily available, highly proliferative, and multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells) are presented.

Highlights

The population aging process is steadily accelerating in Russia and in most countries of Europe
Good observational reproducibility was established for the articular space narrowing of the knee joint, hip joint and hand, osteophytosis, and the overall Kellgren-Lawrence grades; the diagnosis of osteophytosis [11,12,13] and OA of the hip [14] is closely related to the presence of pain in the knee or hip joint, respectively
The results showed a significant reduction of edema, knee pain, improved knee flexion, and an increase in walking time

Summary

Introduction

The proportion of older people in the general structure of the population is growing faster than in any other age group. One of the most common diseases of the connective tissue of older people is osteoarthritis (OA). Osteoarthritis (OA) (synonyms: osteoarthrosis, erosive (osteo)arthrosis) is a degenerative-dystrophic disease of the joints, which is caused by the damage to the cartilage tissue of the articular surfaces. OA is the most common joint disease characterized by progressive cartilage degeneration, changes in the subchondral bone, and chronic synovitis [1,2,3]. Modern treatment of OA is limited to the use of drugs that affect the symptoms of the disease: analgesics, anti-inflammatory drugs, and devices for treatment [4,5,6,7]

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