Abstract
The atomic nucleus is a complex, quantum mechanical system that is of fundamental importance in our quest to understand the world around us, to comprehend how the universe developed to where it is today, and as a tool for a variety of applications from energy to medicine. The nucleus, central to each atom, comprises over 99.9% of the mass of the atom, yet occupies less than a trillionth of its volume. The smallness of the atomic nucleus relative to every-day objects is astounding. If the nucleus were the size of a football, then the atom would be as large across as London. A Frisbee, in relative size, would be as large as our entire solar system. Despite this incredibly small size, the task of nuclear science is to manipulate atomic nuclei on a femto-scale, make new forms of nuclear matter by rearranging its constituent pieces, and come to a thorough understanding of its inner workings.
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