Abstract
We have measured cross sections for evaporation residues, fission, and direct and evaporative $^{1}\mathrm{He}$ and $^{4}\mathrm{He}$ in reactions of 222-340-MeV $^{40}\mathrm{Ar}$ with $^{116}\mathrm{Sn}$, $^{154}\mathrm{Sm}$, $^{164}\mathrm{Dy}$, and $^{197}\mathrm{Au}$. Fusion cross sections are also presented for 77-167-MeV $^{12}\mathrm{C}$ + $^{182}\mathrm{W}$ and 187-MeV $^{40}\mathrm{Ar}$ + $^{116}\mathrm{Sn}$. The $Z$ dependence of the evaporative H/He indicates a breakdown of phase-space models for fission-evaporation competition. The large cross sections observed for direct H/He emission force serious consideration of energy dissipation by H/He ejection during the initial impact.
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