Abstract
Fused deposition modelling (FDM) is a widely used additive layer manufacturing process that deposits thermoplastic material layer-by-layer to produce complex geometries within a short time. Increasingly, fibres are being used to reinforce thermoplastic filaments to improve mechanical performance. This paper reviews the available literature on fibre reinforced FDM to investigate how the mechanical, physical, and thermal properties of 3D-printed fibre reinforced thermoplastic composite materials are affected by printing parameters (e.g., printing speed, temperature, building principle, etc.) and constitutive materials properties, i.e., polymeric matrices, reinforcements, and additional materials. In particular, the reinforcement fibres are categorized in this review considering the different available types (e.g., carbon, glass, aramid, and natural), and obtainable architectures divided accordingly to the fibre length (nano, short, and continuous). The review attempts to distil the optimum processing parameters that could be deduced from across different studies by presenting graphically the relationship between process parameters and properties. This publication benefits the material developer who is investigating the process parameters to optimize the printing parameters of novel materials or looking for a good constituent combination to produce composite FDM filaments, thus helping to reduce material wastage and experimental time.
Highlights
Additive layer manufacturing (ALM) fabricates objects from a three-dimensional (3D), computer-aided design (CAD) model by stacking material in a layer-by-layer arrangement [1]
The findings indicated that the vapour grown grown carbon carbon fibres fibres (VGCFs) increased tensile properties, 40% in tensile strength and 60% in tensile stiffness, and storage modulus of ABS
Fused deposition modelling (FDM),layer-by-layer layer-by-layer manufacturing, allows to fabricate complex thetheFDM, manufacturing, allows to fabricate complex geometries within a short time, but the part quality depends significantly on the exact geometries within a short time, but the part quality depends significantly on the exact combination of printing parameters and the material used in the process
Summary
Additive layer manufacturing (ALM) fabricates objects from a three-dimensional (3D), computer-aided design (CAD) model by stacking material in a layer-by-layer arrangement [1]. The strength depends mainly on the process parameters to achieve good raster fusion and the mechanical performance of the thermoplastic material itself The defects, such as the voids between rasters, can be minimized by optimising the printing parameters and the fusion of the deposition can be strengthened [21,29]; the dimensional accuracy can be maximized by decreasing die swelling or edge shrinking [8,16,30]. Most of the commonly used thermoplastics in the FDM are low-end thermoplastics with low thermal properties, i.e., low Tg , melting temperature (Tm ), high tendency to shrink during solidification, etc., and low mechanical performance compared to thermosetting polymers or metals This usually limits the use of the product to only prototypes. Physical, thermal properties manufacturedparts partsby bydividing dividing into into two sections
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