Fusarium wilt incidence and common bean yield according to the preceding crop and the soil tillage system

Eliane Divina De Toledo‑Souza,Murillo Lobo Junior,Adalberto Corrêa Café‑Filho,Pedro Marques Da Silveira

doi:10.1590/s0100-204x2012000800002

Eliane Divina De Toledo‑Souza, Murillo Lobo Junior + Show 2 more

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https://doi.org/10.1590/s0100-204x2012000800002

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Abstract

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of preceding crops and tillage systems on the incidence of Fusarium wilt (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. phaseoli) and common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) yield. The cultivar BRS Valente was cultivated under center‑pivot irrigation in the winter seasons of 2003, 2004 and 2005, after several preceding crops established in the summer seasons. Preceding crops included the legumes Cajanus cajan (pigeon pea), Stylosanthes guianensis, and Crotalaria spectabilis; the grasses Pennisetum glaucum (millet), Sorghum bicolor (forage sorghum), Panicum maximum, and Urochloa brizantha; and a consortium of maize (Zea mays) and U. brizantha (Santa Fé system). Experiments followed a strip‑plot design, with four replicates. Fusarium wilt incidence was higher in the no‑tillage system. Higher disease incidences corresponded to lower bean yields in 2003 and 2004. Previous summer cropping with U. brizantha, U. brizantha + maize consortium, and millet showed the lowest disease incidence. Therefore, the choice of preceding crops must be taken into account for managing Fusarium wilt on irrigated common bean crops in the Brazilian Cerrado.

Highlights

Brazilian domestic bean production is about 4.0 million tonnes, and about 15% is produced during the irrigated winter crop in the Cerrado region (Companhia Nacional de Abastecimento, 2012).Fusarium wilt in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), caused by Fusarium oxysporum (Schlecht.) f. sp. phaseoli Kendrick & Snyder, is prevalent on most bean producing areas in Brazil
The experimental area had been cultivated for six years in the no‐tillage (NT) system, and it was reported to be naturally‐infested with Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. phaseoli
According to this data set, it was not possible to determine whether this correlation indicates a primary effect of dry mass on Fusarium wilt incidence per se, or whether this effect is confounded by the composition of the summer crop residue; these questions remain to be studied

Summary

Introduction

Brazilian domestic bean production is about 4.0 million tonnes, and about 15% is produced during the irrigated winter crop in the Cerrado region (Companhia Nacional de Abastecimento, 2012).Fusarium wilt in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), caused by Fusarium oxysporum (Schlecht.) f. sp. phaseoli Kendrick & Snyder, is prevalent on most bean producing areas in Brazil. Losses due to the disease have been gradually rising in central Brazil, mainly under central pivot irrigation, due to intensive production practices, such as successive plantings in the same area (Rava et al, 1996; Paula Junior et al, 2004). Above‐ground symptoms include loss of turgour and leaf chlorosis, starting from the lower leaves, sometimes followed by leaf abscission and plant death. It may be manifested on only one side of the host plant (Schwartz et al, 2005). Measures for Fusarium wilt control include genetic resistance and adoption of integrated disease management actions, such as crop rotation and use of healthy seed. Host resistance is an efficient option for the control of Fusarium wilt, many growers still favour somewhat susceptible cultivars, due to their desirable agronomic characteristics and consumers’ preference

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