Fusaric acid induced cell death and changes in oxidative metabolism of Solanum lycopersicum L.

Vivek Kumar Singh,Ram Sanmukh Upadhyay

doi:10.1186/s40529-014-0066-2

Vivek Kumar Singh, Ram Sanmukh Upadhyay

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1186/s40529-014-0066-2

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Journal: Botanical Studies	Publication Date: Aug 27, 2014
Citations: 85	License type: CC BY 4.0

Affiliation: Banaras Hindu University

Abstract

BackgroundFusaric acid (FA) has been shown to stimulate the rapid development of disease symptoms, such as necrosis and foliar desiccation. In this study, we have evaluated the phytotoxicity of FA on tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicum L.). FA induced necrotic lesions in detached leaves, which are reminiscent of hypersensitive response (HR) lesions induced by plant-pathogen interactions and other abiotic stress factors.ResultsFA-treated tomato leaves exhibited visible necrotic lesion as a result of cell death which was evident by Evans blue staining, enhanced reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and DNA degradation. Changes in the generation of O2.- and H2O2 as well as the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) were examined in FA-treated tomato leaves. It was observed that FA exposure stimulated oxidative burst in the leaves, resulting in a lasting activation of O2.- and H2O2 production. After first day of FA application, the H2O2 scavenging enzymes CAT and APX showed a strong activity decrease followed by gradual recovery to the control level after 2 and 3 days.ConclusionA concomitant increase in ROS production, the down regulation of antioxidative enzymes activities and upregulation of lipid peroxidation were crucial for the onset of cell death. These results suggested that FA-induced damage might result from ROS pathways. Thus, our experiments provide a useful model plant system for research on FA-induced plant cell death.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s40529-014-0066-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Highlights

Fusaric acid (FA) has been shown to stimulate the rapid development of disease symptoms, such as necrosis and foliar desiccation
Measurement of cell death Evans blue staining was used as a marker of cell death and cell death was measured in terms of Evans blue uptake 72 h after infiltration with various concentrations of FA (50 μg/ml, 100 μg/ml, 150 μg/ml, 200 μg/ml, 250 μg/ml and 300 μg/ml)
Fusaric acid induced cell death The phytotoxic effect of FA was observed on the leaves of tomato plant

Summary

Introduction

Fusaric acid (FA) has been shown to stimulate the rapid development of disease symptoms, such as necrosis and foliar desiccation. FA has been shown to stimulate the rapid development of some disease symptoms, such as interveinal necrosis and foliar desiccation (Sutherland and Pegg 1992). It has been detected in plants after Fusarium attack and was present in much higher concentration in plant tissues infected with a virulent strain than in those infected with an avirulent one (Harborne 1989). FA is produced by non-pathogenic Fusaria, potential biocontrol agents for vascular wilt diseases in which FA at non-toxic concentrations (below 10−6 M) activates signal transduction components necessary for plant defense responses that contribute to biocontrol activity (Bouizgarne et al 2006)

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