Abstract
Electrochromic (EC) behaviour of nickel oxide (NiO x ) thin films, formed by potentiostatic electrodeposition in a nickel ammine complex solution (Ni(NH 3) x 2+; pH 9), were investigated using alkaline electrolyte solutions, KOH and (CH 3) 4NOH (pH 12.9). In both electrolytes, the fully oxidized composite films (F0.7/1.1), prepared by electrolysis at 1.1 V (vs. Ag/AgCl) followed by electrolysis at 0.7 V, commonly showed broadened UV–VIS spectra in the visible and near IR region compared with that prepared at 1.1 V (F1.1). Characterization of as-prepared, oxidized and reduced films in the electrolytes by low angle fixed X-ray diffraction (LAXRD) was performed to explain in detail the mechanism of the EC transformation of the films based on the conversion between two types of layered structure, α-Ni(OH) 2/γ 2-2NiO 2·NiOOH or β-Ni(OH) 2/β-NiOOH. A model according to the extraction/insertion of cations or water molecules from/into the interlayer was proposed.
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