Further work on free convection in water at 4°C

Abstract

Previous theory has estimated heat transfer coefficients for natural convection in water at its maximum density; they are found to be too low by 15 per cent and restricted to plate temperatures of less than 8°C. By deriving more accurate density—temperature relationships and by taking some account of the variation in Prandtl number, new solutions have been found for plate temperatures of up to 35 °C.