Further Evidence that Subsyndromal Manifestations of Depression in Childhood Predict the Subsequent Development of Major Depression: A Replication Study in a 10 Year Longitudinally Assessed Sample

Abstract

BackgroundWe have previously shown that subsyndromal scores on the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL)-Anxiety/Depression (Anx/Dep) scale at baseline predicted the subsequent development of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) in youth with ADHD. The present study aimed to replicate these findings in a separate, long-term, longitudinal sample of children at high- and low- risk for depression. Methods219 children of parents with and without depression and/or anxiety, ages 2-25, were stratified into 3 groups: 1) children with familial risk for depression (by presence of parental MDD) plus subsyndromal scores on the CBCL-Anx/Dep scale, 2) children with familial risk for depression without subsyndromal scores, and 3) children with neither familial risk for depression nor subsyndromal scores. Subjects were reassessed at both 5 and 10 year follow-ups. ResultsChildren with both subsyndromal scores on the CBCL-Anx/Dep plus a familial risk for depression were at greater risk for developing MDD at the 10 year follow-up when compared with all other groups. Those with familial risk but no subsyndromal scores had an intermediate risk that was greater than the controls, who had the lowest risk. LimitationsThe recruitment of the study included families with parental panic disorder, so the sample likely included more families with anxiety disorders than the general population. ConclusionsOur results showed that subsyndromal scores of the CBCL-Anx/Dep scale increased the risk for the subsequent development of MDD, particularly in children at high risk for depression. These results confirm the CBCL-Anx/Dep scale's utility in identifying children at high risk for developing MDD.