Abstract
A set of constitutive equations is presented to describe the history dependent plastic deformation behavior of anisotropic metals under multiaxial loading conditions. The primary variables that characterize the material behavior with increasing deformation are the effective flow strength,k; the residual or back stress vectorαi; and the anisotropy matrix,Mtj. The strain rate is given in terms of an equivalent plastic strain rate, the gradient of a plastic potential, which incorporates key material variables and the stress state. All the material parameters have been determined for a recrystallized Zircaloy-2 from 25 to 450 °C and a solution treated 304 stainless steel from 25 to 650 °C based on experiments that included monotonic, load reversal, and load relaxation tests. The analytical model has been used to simulate the deformation behavior of both metals under a variety of testing conditions, including cyclic and plane strain loading conditions. The general form of the constitutive relation is shown to be consistent with experimental data obtained for various material orientations under different loading conditions.
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