Further analysis on leadership in tax competition: the role of capital ownership

Abstract

This paper extends the work of Kempf and Rota-Graziosi (J. Pub. Econ. 94:768–776, 2010), which argues that under capital tax competition the sub-game perfect equilibria (SPEs) correspond to two Stackelberg outcomes. The findings show that the Kempf and Rota-Graziosi result depends on the form of capital ownership. By generalizing the form of capital ownership, this paper shows that the simultaneous-move outcome prevails as an SPE if the capital is owned by residents in the countries, whereas the Kempf and Rota-Graziosi argument holds if the capital is owned by nonresidents.