Furosemide in water matrix: HPLC-UV method development and degradation studies

Rita Fragoso,Elizabeth Duarte,Ana Vitória Martins Neves Barrocas Dordio,Ana Isabel Machado

doi:10.4136/ambi-agua.2406

Abstract

This study developed a method for furosemide quantification through high performance liquid chromatographic technique. Special attention was given to solute loss and storage stability due to furosemide’s low solubility and photosensitivity, respectively. The performance of Nylon and PVDF filters was tested in a 2 mg.L-1 furosemide solution. PVDF filters showed better recovery capacity and therefore are more suitable for furosemide filtration. Over eight days, three different storage conditions were studied to access furosemide degradation susceptibility: (i) exposure to light at room temperature, (ii) storage at room temperature without exposure to light, and (iii) storage at 4ºC without exposure to light. The study demonstrated that after 48 h under natural light exposure furosemide was completely degraded. Furosemide solution stored in the dark was stable. Storage temperature did not seem to affect furosemide concentration. The study shows that the selection of more suitable filter and storage conditions for furosemide determination is crucial to avoid underestimation errors.

Highlights

The presence of pharmaceutical active compounds (PhACs) in different water bodies is well documented in several studies (Böger et al, 2018; Kuster et al, 2008; Paíga and DelerueMatos, 2016; Pereira et al, 2017)
Due to its low solubility and sorption susceptibility, FUR standard solutions should be filtered through PVDF filters or others with a similar inert feature
Total photodegradation of a FUR solution was achieved after 48h of exposure to natural light

Summary

Introduction

The presence of pharmaceutical active compounds (PhACs) in different water bodies is well documented in several studies (Böger et al, 2018; Kuster et al, 2008; Paíga and DelerueMatos, 2016; Pereira et al, 2017). Environmental studies commonly determine the presence of PhACs in samples using methods for the determination of a broad variety of compounds (Cruz-Morató et al, 2014). This approach brings benefits such as reductions in time and cost, some inherent restrictions to the accuracy of the determination of each compound is associated, such as analyte loss due to membrane filter adsorption. Compound stability studies are necessary to prevent associated quantification errors, along analyses procedures. The knowledge of all interferences in the quantification process are still not fully known and require further investigation

Methods

Results

Conclusion