Abstract
One new furanocembranoid diterpene, 11-hydroxy-Δ12(13)-pukalide (1), along with six known secondary metabolites, 11-acetoxy-Δ12(13)-pukalide (2), 13α-acetoxypukalide (3), pukalide (4), 3α-methoxyfuranocembranoid (5), Δ9(15)-africanene (6), and methyl (5′E)-5-(2′,6′-dimethylocta-5′,7′-dienyl)furan-3-carboxylate (7) were isolated from the Okinawan soft coral Sinularia sp. Their chemical structures were elucidated based on spectroscopic analysis (FTIR, NMR, and HRESIMS), and the relative stereochemistry of 1 was determined by NOESY experiments and acetylation, which yielded derivative 2. In addition, compounds 1 and 7 exhibited toxicity in the brine shrimp lethality test.Graphical
Highlights
Introduction The soft coral genusSinularia is one of the most widely distributed soft coral genera in the tropics and subtropics, including Okinawa, Japan, inhabiting coral reefs or rocks in shallow waters [1, 2]
A significant number of these metabolites exhibit potent biological properties, including cytotoxic, antibacterial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, and immunosuppressive activities [5–9]. This genus of Sinularia has been studied for its chemical composition and biological activity in Okinawa, and various novel bioactive compounds have been isolated [10–12]
The 1H and 13C NMR spectra of 1 (Table 1) indicated the presence of 21 carbon signals, where their multiplicities were confirmed by DEPT and HSQC measurements as three methyls, three sp3 methylenes, four sp3 methines, one sp2 methylene, two sp2 methines, and eight quaternary carbons
Summary
1 Introduction The soft coral genus Sinularia (phylum Cnidaria, class Anthozoa, subclass Octocorallia, order Alcyonacea, family Alcyoniidae) is one of the most widely distributed soft coral genera in the tropics and subtropics, including Okinawa, Japan, inhabiting coral reefs or rocks in shallow waters [1, 2]. Over the past 50 years, bioactive compounds, various types of secondary metabolites such as sesquiterpenoids and diterpenoids, have been isolated from several species of the genus. More than 500 secondary metabolites of different biological origins have been identified in approximately 50 Sinularia species [3, 4]. A significant number of these metabolites exhibit potent biological properties, including cytotoxic, antibacterial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, and immunosuppressive activities [5–9]. This genus of Sinularia has been studied for its chemical composition and biological activity in Okinawa, and various novel bioactive compounds have been isolated [10–12]. We examined the antibacterial activities of Ralstonia solanacearum MAFF730131, along with toxic activities using the brine shrimp lethality test of the isolated compounds 1–7
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