Abstract
SummaryField experiments with rape ovs Primor, Jet Neuf and Norli during 1979–83 tested the effects of benomyl, prochloraz, imazalil, thiabendazole, metalaxyl or triadimefon sprays applied at different times on disease, crop growth and yield. The principal disease in all experiments was light leaf spot (Pyrenopeziza brassicae).A single spray in autumn of benomyl or prochloraz at 0·5 kg a.i./ha consistently decreased incidence and severity of light leaf spot and sometimes decreased stem canker (Leptosphaeria macvlans). Under severe disease conditions in cv. Primor an autumn spray of fungicide contributed more to disease control than a spray in spring; a decrease in light leaf spot incidence was detectable up to 8 months after application. The autumn spray maintained plant population density, increased leaf area index, dry matter, crop growth rate, earliness of flowering, and yield by up to 0·69 t/ha; an autumn + spring spray increased yield by up to 0–83 t/ha. Effects on crop growth and yield were due to disease control not direct chemical stimulation of growth. Measurements of crop growth and population per unit area revealed the effects of fungicides more clearly than traditional disease assessments based solely on randomly selected plants.Triadimefon sprayed on rape stubble at high dose rate (1 kg a.i./ha) decreased incidence and severity of light leaf spot throughout the growing season of a subsequent rape crop, with beneficial effects on plant population density, growth, flowering and yield.Electrostatically charged rotary atomizer and conventional hydraulic spray applications of fungicide were equally effective in disease control. A reduction to one quarter in dose rate of prochloraz and 100–fold reduction in amount of water carrier (125 g a.i. in 4·3 1/ha) when applied electrostatically in autumn or autumn + spring had similar effects on disease, crop growth and yield to those obtained with a conventional sprayer delivering 500 g a.i. prochloraz in 410 1/ha.Fungicides, spray timing and methods of application are discussed in relation to the epidemiology of light leaf spot and canker and the economics of disease control.
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