Abstract
ABSTRACT The use of highly toxic pesticides to control soil pathogens, such as Fusarium spp. and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum has generated concern, due to the irreversible impacts caused on the environment, in addition to selecting resistant isolates. In this way, essential oils appear as an efficient alternative in control of diseases. Facing the problem of soil pathogens control and high antimicrobial fungicide that essential oils present, this work aimed to evaluate the in vitro fungicidal potential of essential oils in control of Fusarium spp. and S. sclerotiorum. A completely randomized design, factorial scheme 2×4×8 was used, with two isolates (Fusarium spp. and S. sclerotiorum), four essential oils (Aloysia citriodora, Cymbopogon winterianus, Lippia alba and Ocimum americanum), eight essential oil concentrations (0.0; 0.2; 0.4; 0.6; 0.8; 1.0; 1.2 and 1.4 ?L·mL-1), and ten replicates. The essential oils inhibited mycelial growth of the fungi in different concentrations, being their potential justified by the presence of antifungal chemical compounds. Essential oils of A. citriodora, C. winterianus, L. alba and O. americanum present high fungicidal potential, being viable alternatives for formulation of commercial products, boosting the pesticides industry.
Highlights
The use of highly toxic pesticides to control soil pathogens, such as Fusarium spp. and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum has generated concern, due to the irreversible impacts caused on the environment, in addition to selecting resistant isolates
Soilborne diseases can lead to significant yield reductions in various crops (VAN BRUGGEN; FINCKH, 2016), as in the case of Phaseolus vulgaris (NASERI; HAMADANI, 2017), Beta vulgaris (FREDDO et al, 2016), Fragaria × ananassa (TOURNAS; KATSOUDAS, 2005), Glycine max (WESTPHAL et al, 2008), which are affected by Fusarium spp. as agents of root rot
The essential oil of Al. citriodora provided the lowest EC50, with approximately 0.11 μL·mL-1 for S. sclerotiorum, whereas 0.28 μL·mL-1 was required for Fusarium spp
Summary
The use of highly toxic pesticides to control soil pathogens, such as Fusarium spp. and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum has generated concern, due to the irreversible impacts caused on the environment, in addition to selecting resistant isolates In this way, essential oils appear as an efficient alternative in control of diseases. Soilborne diseases can lead to significant yield reductions in various crops (VAN BRUGGEN; FINCKH, 2016), as in the case of Phaseolus vulgaris (NASERI; HAMADANI, 2017), Beta vulgaris (FREDDO et al, 2016), Fragaria × ananassa (TOURNAS; KATSOUDAS, 2005), Glycine max (WESTPHAL et al, 2008), which are affected by Fusarium spp. as agents of root rot Another soil pathogen that has become a serious problem in commercial crops is Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, the causal agent of white mold in soybean crops (FURLAN, 2015). The use of alternative products, such as medicinal plants that can be exploited in obtaining natural pesticides, their raw extracts and/or essential oils, is shown as a viable option (MORAIS, 2009)
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