Abstract
Seeds of four edible cultivars of <em>Pisum sativum</em> and three fodder harvested in 2004-2006 from eight localities, scattered in all region suitable for pea production in Poland, were evaluated for fungi occurrence on CN agar medium in Petri plates. The highest number (27) of species was isolated in 2004, while the lowest (16) in 2006. Number of fungi inhabiting seeds was influenced mainly by environmental conditions of locality and years. <em>Alternaria alternata</em> dominated in each sample of 450 seeds. Species of <em>Penicillium</em> contaminated seeds as the next and infection by <em>Stemphylium botryosum</em> was at similar level. <em>Fusarium poae</em> was the most often occurring species of this genera. Pea specific pathogens: <em>Mycosphaerella pinodes, Phoma pinodella</em> and <em>Ascochyta pisi</em> infected more seeds in 2004 and 2005 than 2006, and at the last season only <em>A. pisi</em> was noted. In general, level of infection by those pathogens was low, reaching on an average only 2.56%, with the highest for A. pisi, and the lowest for <em>M. pinodes</em>.
Highlights
Studies concern fungi transmission by Pisum sativum L. seeds were conducted in different countries, like Australia (Bretag et al 1995), Canada (Xue et al 1997; Morrall et al 2005), France (Roger et al 1999; Fougereux et al 2006), Poland (Grzelak, Iłłakowicz 1973; Filipowicz 1976; Marcinkowska 1997), but mainly for incidence of ascochyta blight fungi
It was important to notice that seeds were contaminated by Penicillium spp. and Aspergillus spp., of which genera some species, like A. flavus and so P. expansum could be able to produce mycotoxins (Kozakiewicz 1990, 1992)
Many more seeds were inhabited by saprobic fungi than plant pathogenic
Summary
Studies concern fungi transmission by Pisum sativum L. seeds were conducted in different countries, like Australia (Bretag et al 1995), Canada (Xue et al 1997; Morrall et al 2005), France (Roger et al 1999; Fougereux et al 2006), Poland (Grzelak, Iłłakowicz 1973; Filipowicz 1976; Marcinkowska 1997), but mainly for incidence of ascochyta blight fungi. Some reports (Skolko et al 1954; Czyżewska 1976; Filipo wicz 1976; Marcinkowska 1997; 1998) were performed for saprobic fungi, since they could had been able to cause seed destruction and decreased plant stands of peas (Filipowicz 1976), soybean (Marcinkowska, Schollenberger 1979), or parsley (Nowicki 1997). Saprobic fungi are important because some of them may produce secondary metabolites harmful for people and animals (Kozakiewicz 1990; 1992). Fungi inhabiting pea seeds in Poland were already described, but on genotypes issued earlier. The increasing importance of dry pea seed production for edible. J. Marcinkowska and animal feeding (fodder) purposes caused breeders interest in releasing new cultivars of field pea. Seeds of recently introduced cultivars were the objective for evaluation of any fungi occurring on them
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