Abstract
The impact of several nematode-antagonistic fungi on Heterodera schachtii and Meloidogyne javanica was investigated by inhibition of the fungi in field soil and by their addition to nematode cultures on media and in pots. Application of fungicides resulted in increased H. schachtii multiplication rates. Similarly, soil pasteurization or application of fungicides increased the root galling index of tomato caused by M. javanica. On agar, Acremonium sclerotignum, a sterile fungus, Preussia sp., Verticillium chlamydosporium, and Fusarium solani resulted in 82-72% parasitism and disorder of H. schachtii eggs. V. chlamydosporium, and F. solani attained similar levels of parasitism of M. javanica eggs. Aspergillus versicolor, A. fumigatus, Cylindrocarpon olidium, F. oxysporum, F. equiseti, and F. solani macronidial isolate resulted in 25-46% egg parasitism of H. schachtii and/or M. javanica. In pots, the addition of F. oxysporum, A. flavus, Preussia sp., A. versicolor and F. solani on wheat grain media at 0.5% w:w reduced post harvest cyst numbers by 84, 75, 62, 55 and 46 % , respectively. Penicillium aurantiogresum, V. chlamydosporium and C. olidium did not affect cyst numbers. Of five fungal species added to soil, A. sclerotignum, F. oxysporum, and F. solani were able to reduce the tomato galling index caused by M. javanica.
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