Abstract
In recent years, grapevine trunk diseases have become a problem in Sultana Seedless vineyards of Manisa and Izmir provinces (Aegean Region, Turkey). A field survey was conducted in 2013 in these provinces (in 8 cities and 80 vineyards) to determine disease incidence, fungal species associated with grapevine trunk diseases and pathogenicity. Symptomatic vines were grouped by two different grapevine trunk disease symptoms: (1) typical tiger-striped leaves, (2) dead arm, shoot decline or apoplexy. Over 80% of vineyards in these areas were positive for at least one characteristic trunk disease symptom. Incidence of tiger-stripe symptom ranged from 2.9-15% and incidence of apoplexy ranged from 0–4.2%. Eight fungal species in five fungal families were identified from declining grapevines based on morphological and molecular (ITS, β-tubulin and EF1-α) studies including, Botryosphaeria dothidea, Diplodia seriata, Lasiodiplodia theobromae, Neofusicoccum parvum, Diaporthe ampelina, Phaeomoniella chlamydospora, Togninia minima and Fomitiporia mediterranea . Overall, D. ampelina was the most frequently recovered fungus from symptomatic grapevine tissues followed by botryosphaeriaceous fungi, P. chlamydospora , F. mediterranea and T. minima . Pathogenicity tests confirmed all eight fungi as pathogens of grapevine in these regions with N. parvum being the most virulent among the fungi tested.
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