Fungal Phytopathogenic Spore First Assessment in an Olive Orchard of Northwestern Spain

Alejandro Garrido,Michel Almaguer-Chávez,María Fernández-González,Fco Javier Rodríguez-Rajo,Estefanía González-Fernández,Lucía Carrera,Jose A Cortiñas Rodríguez

doi:10.3390/agronomy12020246

Alejandro Garrido, Michel Almaguer-Chávez + Show 5 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12020246

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Journal: Agronomy	Publication Date: Jan 19, 2022
Citations: 3	License type: CC BY 4.0

Affiliation: University of Havana, Universidade de Vigo

Abstract

The most common fungal diseases of Olea europaea are olive leaf spot (Fusicladium oleagineum), anthracnose (Colletotrichum spp.) and cercospora leaf spot (Pseudocercospora cladosporioides). To know the fungal load during the vegetative olive cycle, an aerobiological and phenological study was conducted in an olive grove in North-West Spain. For the aerobiological study, the Spanish Aerobiological Network protocol was followed using a Hirst-type spore trap. The goal of the study was to assess the spore concentrations in the atmosphere of the olive grove and their relationship with the meteorological parameters by applying statistical procedures, including a Cluster analysis, Spearman’s correlation test and PCA analysis. The most abundant spores belong to Fusicladium, registering the double of values than Colletotrichum and Pseudocercospora. The hours with the highest spores’ presence were from 11:00 to 12:00 for Fusicladium and Colletotrichum, and from 17:00 to 18:00 for Pseudocercospora. The Spearman’s and PCA test showed a positive association between temperature and relative humidity with the spores’ concentrations. The combination of meteorological, phenological and aerobiological parameters is a useful tool to understand the ecological behavior of the considered phytopathogenic fungal spores in order to develop futures strategies for the integrated management of fungal olive diseases in areas at the limit of this tree distribution.

Highlights

Olive (Olea europaea L.) is one of the most extensively cultivated crops in regions characterized by the Mediterranean climate [1]
To carry out the monitoring of the atmospheric fungal spores (Fusicladium oleagineum, Colletotrichum spp. and Pseudocercospora cladosporioides), a Lanzoni VPPS 2010 Hirst type located in the center of the olive orchard was used
The duration of the olive reproductive cycle from stage 5 to stage 8 registered 210 days in a placed situated between the Atlantic and Mediterranean biogeographical region

Summary

Introduction

Olive (Olea europaea L.) is one of the most extensively cultivated crops in regions characterized by the Mediterranean climate [1]. In these areas, the olive fruit and the olive oil are the most important products with a high social and economic impact [2]. The meteorological conditions of the Mediterranean basin do not allow a high incidence of phytopathogenic fungi in the crop. As a result of the Oceanic climate with Mediterranean influence, this area presents ideal temperature and humidity conditions for the development of phytopathogenic fungi. A large number of pathogenic fungi can affect the olive tree crop, with great variability in terms of diffusion and severity [1]. We will focus on three of the most important fungal pathogens, Fusicladium oleagineum (Cast.) Ritschel & Braun, Colletotrichum spp. and Pseudocercospora cladosporioides (Sacc.) Braun

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