Abstract
The presence of multiple ecosystem functions and services (i.e., ecosystem multifunctionality) has been proven to be maintained by biodiversity in natural terrestrial ecosystems. However, the mechanisms by which microbial diversity drives ecosystem functions in vineyards and the effects of ecosystem functions on wine quality remain unknown. Here, fifteen vineyards from five wine sub-regions (Shizuishan, Yinchuan, Yuquanying, Qingtongxia, and Hongsipu) in Ningxia were selected to assess the microbial community structure, ecosystem multifunctionality, and wine quality. Overall, each index differed among the vineyards from these five wine sub-regions in Ningxia. High-throughput sequencing revealed that bacterial and fungal communities varied among these vineyards. Bacterial communities were dominated by Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, Chloroflexi, and Acidobacteria. Ascomycota was the dominant fungal phylum, followed by Basidiomycota and Mortierellomycota. In addition, fungal Shannon diversity rather than bacterial Shannon diversity showed a positive relationship with ecosystem multifunctionality. Correlation analysis revealed that ecosystem multifunctionality was positively correlated with wine acidity and negatively correlated with pH value and residual sugar content of wine. Soil chemical functions exhibited relationships with wine quality being similar to those of ecosystem multifunctionality; i.e., positively related to wine acidity but negatively related to wine pH and residual sugar content. However, soil physical functions were negatively correlated with the alcohol and anthocyanin content of wine. The research results show that the ecosystem functions maintained by fungal diversity could be attributed to wine quality of vineyards. Keywords: microbial diversity, multifunctionality, terroir, wine quality, wine sub-regions DOI: 10.25165/j.ijabe.20211406.5560 Citation: Duan B B, Ren Y Z, Zhang L Q, Suzhou C X, Chen G Q, Cui P, et al. Fungal diversity rather than bacterial diversity drives the ecosystem multifunctionality of vineyards in a semi-arid region. Int J Agric & Biol Eng, 2021; 14(6): 126–136.
Highlights
Multiple ecosystem functions and services as opposed to a single ecosystem function, such as net primary productivity or nutrient cycling, reflect the combinations of functions of terrestrial ecosystems and the tradeoffs among them[1,2,3,4]
The lowest bacterial diversity was at HFJR vineyard, and there was no significant difference in the Shannon diversity of the bacterial community among the other vineyards
The soil microbial community composition and structure were affected by climate, soil fertility and other factors in different wine grape-producing areas of Xinjiang, which was supported by the results of several previous studies[38,39]. 4.2 Drivers of ecosystem multifunctionality
Summary
Multiple ecosystem functions and services (i.e., multifunctionality) as opposed to a single ecosystem function, such as net primary productivity or nutrient cycling, reflect the combinations of functions of terrestrial ecosystems and the tradeoffs among them[1,2,3,4]. Soil microbes, playing vital roles in nutrient cycling and the formation of soil structure in terrestrial ecosystems, have been reported to promote multiple functions in terrestrial ecosystems[11,12,13]. Agroecosystems manipulated by humans show characteristics that differ from those of natural ecosystems, such as monoculture, meaning low diversity of plants and products exported from agroecosystems Practices such as fertilization and irrigation conducted in agroecosystems disturb microbial community structure and diversity. A recent study conducted in farmland revealed that long-term organic fertilizer improved soil multifunctionality by increasing bacterial and fungal diversity.
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