Abstract
Massive blood loss is still a great challenge for modern medicine. To stop the hemorrhage during the surgery or after injury apart from suturing or electrocoagulation, the most efficient method of hemostasis restoration is the use of hemostatic agents. Although there are numerous products on the market, there is still a need for biomaterials that are capable of fast and efficient bleeding management without affecting wound closure or embolism. Chitosan is known for its hemostatic activity; however, its quite poor mechanical properties and heterogenous chemical composition still needs some improvements to become superior compared to biological adhesives. The following study deals with the preparation and evaluation of chitosan-derived natural biomaterials containing Kalanchoe pinnata extract with the potential application as a blood-clotting agent. The materials were obtained under microwave-assisted conditions in two different forms (granules/dressing), whose chemical structure and morphology were studied. Their antioxidant properties have been proven. The chitosan-derived hemostatic agents exhibited superior blood sorption abilities and lack of cytotoxicity to L929 mouse fibroblasts. The study also showed the differences in biological properties depending on their preparation method. The potential mechanism of action was proposed as well as their potential in hemostasis revival.
Highlights
One of the biggest challenges for the modern medicine is massive blood loss, which is responsible for the highest number of deaths resulting from various injuries
The Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) spectrum of the commercial extract shows bands coming from carboxyl groups at 3187 cm−1 of quite low intensity as well as bands at 2943 cm−1 and 2875 cm−1 that are typical for –CH2 – and –CH3
The aim of the following research was to obtain novel naturally derived blood clotting agents in the form of dressing and beads using fungal chitosan as a starting material, which was subjected to successful crosslinking with amino acids under microwave-assisted conditions followed by modification with four different Kalanchoe pinnata extracts to increase the antioxidant activity of the potential hemostatic biomaterials
Summary
One of the biggest challenges for the modern medicine is massive blood loss, which is responsible for the highest number of deaths resulting from various injuries. The most popular methods of hemostasis restoration include the use of polymeric sutures, electrocoagulation procedures, or application of hemostatic agents (HemA). The choice of HemA is especially understandable in the case of hemorrhages in the area of sensitive body parts such as nerves or medullary bone. Such materials are willingly used in patients suffering from various hemostatic abnormalities. HemA are commonly used in army in the battlefield when the bleedings come as a result of shooting or explosion.
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