Abstract

This discussion is intended to be an overview of current advances in the development of fungal cell wall vaccines with an emphasis on Candida; it is not a comprehensive historical review of all fungal cell wall vaccines. Selected, more recent, innovative strategies for developing fungal vaccines will be highlighted. Both scientific and logistical obstacles related to the development of, and clinical use of, fungal vaccines will be discussed.

Highlights

  • Over the years there have been extensive research efforts to develop vaccines for both the opportunistic and the endemic fungal infections of man and animals

  • Considerable effort has been extended toward development of vaccines for cryptococcosis, coccidioidomycosis, blastomycosis, histoplasmosis, paracoccidioidomycosis, infections caused by Pneumocystis and, more recently, aspergillosis

  • Notable is that the large body of scientific effort directed towards developing a clinically useful fungal vaccine has not resulted in Food and Drug Administration (FDA) or other regulatory approval of a single entity far, especially with the high level of success found in the preclinical models

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Summary

Introduction

Over the years there have been extensive research efforts to develop vaccines for both the opportunistic and the endemic fungal infections of man and animals. Notable is that the large body of scientific effort directed towards developing a clinically useful fungal vaccine has not resulted in FDA or other regulatory approval of a single entity far, especially with the high level of success found in the preclinical models. This complete absence of approval of a fungal vaccine occurs within the context of an ever increasing frequency of opportunistic fungal infections in susceptible patients, especially related to healthcare-associated infections. For the development of an antigen through a Phase I clinical trial, the very first stage of

Various strategies used for active vaccination against Candida historically
Various strategies to enhance the activity of Candida vaccines
Current human studies of vaccines against Candida species
Recent innovative studies with Saccharomyces
Summary
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