Fundus fluorescein angiography of idiopathic central serous chorioretinopathy in the indigenous population of Manipur

Abstract

Background: Idiopathic central serous chorioretinopathy is a chorioretinal disease characterized by localized leakage from the choroidal circulation causing serous retinal detachment affecting the macula. Aims: To document the leakage pattern using fundus fluorescein angiogram in idiopathic central serous chorioretinopathy in the indigenous people of Manipur. Materials and Methods: A prospective study was conducted in all patients with clinical diagnosis of central serous chorioretinopathy attending ophthalmology outpatient department of a tertiary care hospital in Manipur, Northeast India, within a period of 1 year starting from September 2015 to August 2016. After thorough clinical evaluation of the posterior segment and after ruling out the potential contraindications, patients were subjected to fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA). Results: Predominantly males (72%) and those mostly in their fifth decade of life were affected. Most of the patients were businessmen. The right eye was affected more (78%) than the left, with the most common presenting symptom being dark shadow or central haziness of vision in about 60% of patients. Betel nut consumption was found to be a very common food habit. Sensory retinal detachment (40%) was the most common fundus finding and depigmented patches (4%) were least commonly seen. Of the 50 eyes examined, FFA showed a single leak in 36, double and triple leaks in 7 eyes each, and no leak in 10 eyes. Inkblot pattern was the most common pattern of leakage (72%). Most common site of leakage in this study was the macular area (58%). Conclusion: Idiopathic central serous chorioretinopathy (ICSC) predominantly affects middle-aged males having a stressful life. Most of them present with dark shadow or a central area of haziness in the visual field which is mostly attributable to sensory retinal detachment at the macula. The most common fundus fluorescein angiographic finding is a single leak inkblot pattern in the macular area.