Abstract
In this article the fundamentals of endosonography are discussed. Because ultrasonography consists of acoustic waves, some basic principles of these mechanical waves and how transducers convert electrical energy to acoustic waves are first considered. The concepts of resolution, penetration, and attenuation are explored. The origin of ultrasound echoes in tissue generally and in the bowel wall specifically are related to the current interpretation of endoscopic ultrasound images. Finally, potential imaging artifacts and the basic types of ultrasound equipment and their safety to patients are reviewed.
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