Abstract
This chapter reviews the fundamentals of electromagnetic wave theory. It derives equations for scattering problems involving dielectric scatterers and perfect electric conductors (PEC). The introduction of the magnetic current density makes Maxwell's equation symmetric. Scattered fields can be regarded as the radiated fields in free space by induced electric and magnetic currents. The chapter presents the task of finding radiation fields in free space. It provides the formula of discrete linear equation systems that can be directly used to solve scattering problems. By duality, the magnetic counterpart of the surface integral yields the exact magnetic field in the source free region and zero in the source region. The chapter also presents the Green's function representation of reciprocity condition. The Huygens' principle and the extinction theorem are applicable to scalar waves as well, for example, acoustic waves.
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