Abstract
Compared with traditional lithium-ion systems, solid-state batteries could achieve high safety and energy density. Although great improvements have been made, especially in solid-state electrolyte, fundamental challenges still remain in the solid-state systems in terms of chemistry and mechanics. This review summarizes the fundamental issues in solid-state batteries with a focus on three critical phenomena: (i) the principles of developing high ionic conductors, (ii) structural evolution at chemically unstable electrolyte-electrode interfaces, and (iii) the effects of manufacturing solid-state batteries, including electrode, electrolyte design. The future perspectives are also outlined to guide the development of solid-state batteries.
Highlights
Frontiers in MaterialsCompared with traditional lithium-ion systems, solid-state batteries could achieve high safety and energy density
Research on safety and high-energy conversion and storage systems has taken center stage in the past decade and will be continuing in the near future owing to the global decarbonization trend (Choi et al, 2019; Yuan and Lu, 2019)
Inorganic solid electrolytes can work in hostile environments, such as in the temperature range from −50 to 200◦C or even higher, in which organic electrolytes fail due to freezing, boiling, or decomposition (Zhao et al, 2018)
Summary
Compared with traditional lithium-ion systems, solid-state batteries could achieve high safety and energy density. Great improvements have been made, especially in solid-state electrolytes, fundamental challenges still remain for the solid-state systems in terms of chemistry and mechanics. This review summarizes the fundamental issues in solid-state batteries with a focus on three critical phenomena: (i) the principles of developing high ionic conductors, (ii) structural evolution at chemically unstable electrolyte-electrode interfaces, and (iii) the effects of manufacturing solid-state batteries, including electrode, and electrolyte design. The future perspectives are outlined to guide the development of solid-state batteries
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