Fundamentals, Evolution, and Modeling of Ignition Systems for Spark Ignition Engines

Abstract

AbstractThe advancement of technologies has led researchers to explore new ways to comply with stringent emission norms globally and fulfil the energy requirements. The trends in engine development favour computational studies for initial investigations due to lesser time demand and economy. In a spark ignition (SI) engine, ignition of the fuel–air mixture is achieved by the spark discharge across the spark plug electrodes. The discharge is of very high intensity for a very short interval, providing sufficient energy in the form of plasma kernel to initiate chemical reactions necessary to generate a self-sustaining flame. Direct injection SI combustion system is considered an upcoming next-generation technology capable of meeting stringent emission norms with improved engine performance. Conventional spark plug system undergoes various issues such as erosion of spark plug, heat losses at the electrodes, hindrance in working at high in-cylinder pressures, and fixed spark location. Therefore, the researchers explore alternate ignition concepts/ systems that provide greater flexibility than conventional ignition systems. These alternate ignition concepts/ systems include laser ignition, turbulent jet ignition, corona ignition, and microwave ignition. These all are also referred to as advanced ignition systems. Advanced ignition has emerged as an alternative way to ignite leaner fuel–air mixture owing to higher engine performance and lower emissions. These systems offer significant advantages; however, they are still under research, and many challenges need to be overcome before they are commercialized. In this chapter, the evolution of the spark ignition systems has been discussed. Modelling aspects of spark ignition engines using 1D and 3D simulation tools have been summarised. The working of these advanced ignition systems has been discussed in detail, and their challenges are also summarised.KeywordsAdvance ignition systemModellingSpark ignition engineLaser ignitionTurbulent jet ignition