Abstract
Advances in plant tissue culture methods with regard to lighting requirements are currently focused on the improved features of light-emitting diodes (LEDs). Over the years, the steady development of LED technology, with the emergence of new types of semi-conductor materials, has made it possible to apply it in an increasing number of new areas. As an alternative to conventional lighting systems, LED has been demonstrated to be an artificial flexible lighting source for plant tissue culture. Numerous studies have been conducted in order to investigate the effects of LED on plants, which have led to many satisfactory results. Various morphological, anatomical, and physiological attributes, such as shoot elongation, axillary shoot formation, somatic embryo induction, rhizogenesis, leaf anatomy, and photosynthetic abilities of plants grown in vitro have found to be regulated by spectral properties of LEDs. The present review gives an overview of the fundamentals of LEDs and describes their effects on in vitro plant growth and morphogenesis and their future potentials.
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