Abstract
The use of samarium-doped ceria (SDC) electrolytes in solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) lowers the open circuit voltage (OCV) below the Nernst voltage (Vth). The OCV is calculated with Wagner's equation, which is included in the Nernst-Planck equation. This paper considers the fundamental basis of the separation of the Boltzmann distribution. A constant voltage loss without leakage currents has been found to arise from a mixed ionic and electronic conducting (MIEC) dense anode. Only carrier species with sufficient energy to overcome the activation energy can contribute to current conduction, which is shown by incorporating a different constant into the definitions of chemical potential and electrical potential. This difference explains the results obtained using dense MIEC anodes. This topic is not an isolated or minor topic, but is of vital importance to the future of electrochemical engineering. Several future technological applications of these theoretical considerations are also introduced.
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