Abstract
Publisher Summary This chapter presents recent advances in fundamental tests of quantum mechanics, particularly those involving entangled Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pairs. Quantum mechanics predicts that the total spin of this two-particle system is zero, and for measurements of both components in one specific direction, it predicts that the results will be opposite with unit probability.It briefly mentions the latest down-conversion experiments and also concentrates. The chapter discusses the first atomic entanglement in the micromaser; and provides an extensive review of an experiment based on photodissociation of the dimer 199 Hg2 on the atom-based tests. The isotope 199 Hg has nuclear spin I = 1/2, and those molecules in a state with total nuclear spin I = 0 are selected. In addition, it is an exact experimental realization of Bohm's well-known version of the EPR gedankenexperiment. This experiment can test the Bell inequalities in a regime very different from those using photons.
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