Abstract
Fluorine-bearing refining slag (FBS) is used to produce axle steel for electric multiple unit vehicles. To avoid environmental pollution caused by fluorine, a fluorine-free ladle furnace slag (FFS) was designed based on an industrial FBS. The effects of main components on the physical and metallurgical properties of slag were investigated via theoretical analysis and laboratory tests. The composition range of components of the designed FFS are w(CaO) = 40–55 wt.%, w(SiO2) = 2–6 wt.%, w(Al2O3) = 30–40 wt.%, w(MgO) = 6–8 wt.%, and w(CaO)/w(Al2O3) = 1.25–1.50. Industrial-scale test results indicate that the FFS has similar deoxidation and desulfurization capabilities to industrial FBS.
Highlights
China has the world’s largest high-speed rail network
The magnesium oxide (MgO) content in the studied system should be controlled in the range of 6–10 wt.%, aiming to reduce the damage of the refining slag to the furnace lining during the refining process [30]
The liquid phase area shrinks as the MgO content increases at 1873 K, if the content is in the range of 7–10 wt.%
Summary
China has the world’s largest high-speed rail network. Axle steel is a special steel used to manufacture the axles of electric multiple unit (EMU) vehicles, which guarantees safe transportation. The oxygen content and level of inclusions are of vital importance to the properties of axle steel, and refining plays a significant role in the melting process [1]. Zhao et al investigated the volatilization characteristics of three kinds of typical fluorine-containing slag systems for steelmaking process, being the remelting electroslag, the continuous casting mold flux, and the traditional refining slag [16]. The development of fluorine-free refining slag is of great significance to the sustainable and cleaner production of axle steel smelting. A better understand the relationship between the properties of refining slag and components and the design of a fluorine-free LF slag (FFS) for cleaner production of EMU axle steel is the motivation for carrying out this work [25,26]. The thermodynamic data of the liquid phase and pure solid phase in the slag were selected from the FactPS and FToxid databases, respectively
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