Abstract
Amount of natural gas contained in the gas hydrate accumulations is twice that of all fossil fuel reserves currently available worldwide. The conventional oil and gas recovery technologies are not really suitable to gas hydrates because of their serious repercussions on geo-mechanical stability and seabed ecosystem. To address this challenge, the concept of methane-carbon dioxide (CH4-CO2) swapping has appeared. It has the potential in achieving safe and efficient recovery of natural gas, and sequestration of CO2. By this way, the energy generation from gas hydrates can become carbon neutral. This swapping phenomenon has not yet been elucidated at fundamental level. This work proposes a theoretical formulation to understand the physical insight into the transient swapping between natural gas and CO2 occurred under deep seabed and in permafrost. Addressing several practical concerns makes the model formulation novel and generalized enough in explaining the swapping phenomena at diverse geological conditions.
Highlights
Occurring gas hydrates are ice-like non-stoichiometric solid compounds, which are composed of rigid cages of water molecules that enclose natural gas molecules[1]
There is some progress made on thermodynamic modeling of gas hydrates, a limited advancement has been noticed in kinetic formulation
The gas swapping in clathrate hydrate is formulated[16]. They consider the isolation of the kinetic guest molecule exchange process from additional hydrate formation and mechanical changes to the hydrate bearing sand. This swapping process simultaneously involves natural gas hydrate (NGH) decomposition and reformation followed by growth of a mixed hydrate
Summary
Occurring gas hydrates are ice-like non-stoichiometric solid compounds, which are composed of rigid cages of water molecules that enclose natural gas molecules[1]. This technique is first subjected to techno-economic feasibility[4] mainly for the enhanced recovery of generation energy and carbon dioxide sequestration, indicating a way of catching two birds with one stone This replacement process has a promising role in dealing with (i) the effects of climate change expected to be caused by anthropogenic CO2 emission, (ii) geologic hazard and (iii) natural gas seepage through the crust. The gas swapping in clathrate hydrate is formulated[16] They consider the isolation of the kinetic guest molecule exchange process from additional hydrate formation and mechanical changes to the hydrate bearing sand. This swapping process simultaneously involves natural gas hydrate (NGH) decomposition and reformation followed by growth of a mixed hydrate. Correspondence and requests for materials should be addressed to A.K.J. (email: akjana@ che.iitkgp.ac.in) www.nature.com/scientificreports/
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