Fundamental Neutrinos Properties

Abstract

After about six decades since the discovery of the neutrino, we have started to understand the role of neutrinos in our world. The discoveries of oscillations of atmospheric, solar, accelerator and reactor neutrinos have opened a new excited era in neutrino physics and represents a big step forward in our knowledge of neutrino properties. The observed small neutrino masses have profound implications for our understanding of the Universe and are now a major focus in astro, particle and nuclear physics and in cosmology. The physics community worldwide is embarking on the challenging problem, finding whether neutrinos are indeed Majorana particles (i.e., identical to its own antiparticle) as many particle models suggest or Dirac particles (i.e., is different from its antiparticle). The search for the \(0\nu \beta \beta \)-decay represents the new frontiers of neutrino physics, allowing to determine the Majorana nature of neutrinos and to fix the neutrino mass scale and possible CP violation effects, which could explain the matter-antimatter asymmetry in the Universe.