Fundamental investigation of cure‐induced microcracking in carbon fiber/bismaleimide cross‐ply laminates

Abstract

AbstractTransverse microcracks are present in carbon fiber/bismaleimide (BMI) cros: composite laminates composed of 4, 4′‐bismaleimidodiphenylmethane (BMPM)/diallyl bisphenol A (DABPA) matrices after standard cure and fabrication condit and grow in width upon subsequent postcure. This investigation characterizes cure‐induced microcracking in terms of the critical fundamental macroscopic croscopic, and molecular damage mechanisms and thresholds, and a cure cycle modification that prevents microcrack formation under standard processing conditions tions for [0°/90°]s laminates is examined. A unique in‐situ technique is utilized which cure of the laminate is performed inside the chamber of an environim scanning electron microscope (ESEM), allowing for (i) physical observation of microcrack crack growth and formation mechanisms and (ii) characterization of microcracking onset time‐temperature thresholds. The cure cycle modification that prevents microcracking is an extended initial cure time at 177°C prior to higher temperature; cure regimes. Effects of this modification are examined through network structure property‐processing interrelationships by way of (i) dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), (ii) optical and electron microscopy, (iii) differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and (iv) our previous work on carbon fiber/bismaleirnide composites. The aforementioned analysis it was concluded that an extended initial cure time 177°C prior to higher temperature cure steps prevents microcracking under standard; fabrication postcure conditions for [0°/90°]s laminates; no microcracking observed until an additional postcure of 6 h at 300°C. This microcrack resist was independent of initial BMPM:DABPA monomer stoichiometry for the monomer ratios examined and associated with an improved fiber‐matrix interface and lower composite residual stress.